Heating



(No Model.) 2 SheetsSheet l.

A J. SPEAR.v HEATING, VENTILATING, AND DRAFT REGULATING APPARATUS FORRAILROAD GARS. A

No. 286,341. Patented Oct. 9, 1883.

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(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2..

A J. SPEAR. HEATING, VENTILATING, AND DRAFT REGULATING APPARATUS FOR RAILROAD CARS.

No. 286,341. ted 001;. 9, 1883.

Fries.

PATENT JAMES SPEAK, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

HEATlNG, VENTILATING,AND DRAFT-REGULATlNG APPARATUS FOR RAltROAD-CARS.

SP .ECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 286,341, dated October 9, 1883.

Application filed April 14,1853. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, JAMES S ain, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Heating, Ventilating, and Draft-Regulating Apparatus for Railway-Cars, of which the following is a description.

The invention consists in certain improvements in the construction, combination, and arrangement of the parts whereby the car is heated and ventilated and the draft of the stove is modified and regulated, all of which are fully hereinafter described.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly in section, of a portion of a car and a heater therefor in which my improvements are embodied. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section through the combustion-chamber. Fig. 3 is a vertical central section from front to rear of the stove. F'i g. 4 is a similar view, partly in elevation, and at a right angle to the plane of section in Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a central vertical section, showing the eduction ventilator onan' enlarged scale; and F1 g. 6 is a similar view of i a modified form of the same.

B designates the car; 0, the combustion-. chamber of the heater; d, the exit-flue thereof; .13, the hood through which the induction-currents are received; 6, screens for the intercep tion of dust and cinders; H, the outer or air casing of the heater; 71-, the hotair chamber; the grate; g, the ash-pit; e, the vertical induction-pipe; M, the top plate of the heater; m, a collar upon the top plate for the upper section of the cold-air-induction pipe e,- l, a pendent valve in the hood E, acting auto-' matically to direct the incoming currents to the air-warming chamber through the'pipe 6; Id, a projection formed upon the exterior casing of the air-chamber to support the lower section of the induction-pipe; 1), vertical metallic flue strips or plates oppositely placed within the air-chamber, and extending from the inner to the outer wall of the same, to give direction first upwardly and then downwardly to the air-currents; cl, a screen of perforated metal for t-heprotcction of the wood-work of the car; d, the upper section or extension of the exit-flue; B, an opening between the two pipe-sections (land (1, for the admission of ai r 5 T, a frustum of a cone, which is connected at its upper extremity to the lower end of the pipe-section d; i, an inverted frustum of a cone, which is provided at suitable intervals with orifices s, for the admission of air, and which at its lower extremity is fitted around the lower pipe-section, (I, while its larger end is united with the base of the upper frustum, T; 8 a sliding plate fitting loosely upon the upper surface of the part t, and provided with openings which correspond with the orifices s; s, a knob for operating the sliding registerplate; S, a'metallic connection for conducting the heated air from the lower portion of the air-warming chamber to the air-distributing pipe "W, which extends along the walls of the car, near the floor of the same, and is provided at suitable intervals with orifices, through which the heated air is discharged; and e, a damper.

It will be seen that the general construction of the stove and its air-induction apparatus is substantially the same as that which is described in my former Patents Nos. 17 7 56, July 7, 1857, and 84,312, November 29, 1868, and which has for many years been employed on various leading lines of railways for supplying fresh pure air suitably warmed to the occupants of the several cars. It has been found, however,that under certain circumstan cos-as during the prevalence of mild weather, when but little fire is necessarythe cars have become uncomfortably warm, and therefore, to supplement and complete the act-ion of the ap parat-us and to render it certain and effective in its operation under all conditions of temperature, I have added to the means for induction the eduction apparatus represented in Figs. 1, 3, at, 5, and 6, placing the same in close proximity to the top plate of the air-casing of the heater. Being placed at this point, where the stoveis highly heatethan outlet is afforded by opening the register for the escape of the'highly-rarefied air in the immediate vicinity of the stove, which rushes into the space between the ends of the two sections of pipe. The currents of air flowing inwardly from all directions and meeting at the center of the smoke-passage instantly check the upward draft and produce a deadening and smothering effect upon the fire, and a direct communication between the interior and the exterior of the car being thus established, discharge of overheated and vitiated air at once begins, and this, in turn, causes a rapid. infioW of fresh air through the inlet-pipe e, the air-chamber, and its discharge-pipes, thus rendering the occupants of the car comfortable by the introduction of an abundant supply of pure, cool or moderately-warmed air. hen desired, the damper e in the induction-pipe may be partially closed to restrict the supply of cold air.

It is apparent that it is immaterial in the production of the described results whether the draft-regulator be of the form shown in Fig. 5 of the drawings or of the form represented in Fig. 6, neither of the two being new in itself.

It is also obvious that a series of openings in a continuous pipe would be only the equivlating apparatus described, consisting of an air-warming chamber provided with an airlnlet and an air-outlet, a combustion-chamber which is provided with a perforated smoke- I exit passage, and a means for the regulated admission of air into said smoke-exit passage.

2., The combination of a heater, the co mbusinto such space, anda draft-regulator through which air introduced into the apartment-from the air-warming chamber is discharged into the exit-pipe of the combustion-chamber.

3. An apparatus for heating, ventilation, and draft-regulation, which consists of aheater, an air-chamber inclosing the heater, apipe for conducting air into the air-chamber, a pipe for conducting air from the air-chamber and discharging it, a pipe for discharging smoke from the combustion-chamber, one or more orifices in the body of the smoke-discharge pipe, a casing or chamber encircling the orifice or orifices in the smoke-discharge pipe, orifices in the casing or chamber, and means for controlling the inflow of air through the orifices in the casing.

4. The combination of a heater, an ainchamber inclosin g the heater, an air-induction pipe, an air-eduction pipe, a damper in the air-i11 duction pipe, a smoke-exit pipe, and a draftregulator for admitting air into thesmokeeXit pipe.

JAMES SPEAK. lVitncsses:

EDwD. BROWN, JoI-IN F. GRANT. 

